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Guides on how the numbers behind payroll, salary, taxes, and personal finance actually work.

How to Convert an Annual Salary to a Weekly Paycheck
A plain-English guide to converting an annual salary into a weekly paycheck, and back again, with worked examples.
Converting an Hourly Rate to an Annual Salary
A plain-English guide to turning an hourly wage into an annual salary figure, with worked examples for full-year and unpaid-time-off cases.
The Debt Avalanche Method, Explained
A plain-English guide to paying off debt by targeting the highest interest rate first to minimize total interest paid.
The Debt Snowball Method, Explained
A plain-English guide to the debt snowball method: pay off your smallest balance first, then roll that payment into the next one.
Gross vs Net WPM: How Typing Speed Is Really Measured
A plain-English explanation of gross WPM, net WPM, and accuracy, with worked examples showing how errors change your typing score.
How Big Should Your Emergency Fund Be?
A plain-English guide to setting your emergency fund target, spotting your shortfall, and estimating how long it takes to close it.
How Bonuses Are Taxed
A plain-English guide to how bonus withholding works, including the flat 22% federal rate and a worked example.
How Compound Interest Actually Works
A plain-English look at how compound interest grows your money, with the formula and two worked examples.
How Extra Mortgage Payments Save You Money
A plain-English walkthrough of how extra mortgage payments cut your loan term and total interest, with worked examples.
How Long It Really Takes to Pay Off a Loan
A plain-English look at why loan payoff takes longer than expected, with a month-by-month formula and worked examples.
How Mortgage Interest Works
A plain-English look at why early mortgage payments are mostly interest and later ones are mostly principal.
How Much Do You Need to Retire? The 4% Rule, Explained
A plain-English look at how compounding and the 4% rule turn monthly savings into a retirement income estimate.
How Much House Can You Afford?
A walkthrough of how lenders' debt-to-income guidelines translate into a maximum home price, including why property tax makes the math circular.
How Personal Loan Payments Are Calculated
A plain-English walkthrough of the amortization formula behind personal loan payments, with two worked examples.
How Probation Periods Work
A plain-English guide to how probation end dates are calculated from a start date and a length in days or months.
How PTO Accrual Works
A plain-English guide to how paid time off accrues per pay period, with worked examples for projecting your future balance.
How Reading Time Is Estimated
A plain-English look at how reading time is estimated from word count and reading speed, with worked examples.
How Sales Commission Is Calculated
A plain-English guide to how sales commission and total pay are calculated, with worked examples.
How Self-Employment Tax Works
A plain-English breakdown of how self-employment tax is calculated, including the 92.35% factor, the 15.3% rate, and the wage base cap.
How the Pomodoro Technique Works
A plain-English look at how the Pomodoro Technique splits work into timed focus sessions and breaks, with worked examples.
How to Calculate a Pay Raise Percentage
A plain-English guide to turning a raise, percentage or flat dollar amount, into your new pay and the true percentage increase.
How to Calculate Annual Salary From Any Pay Rate
Learn how to convert hourly, weekly, biweekly, semi-monthly, or monthly pay into an accurate yearly salary figure.
How to Calculate Employee Attendance Rate
A plain-English guide to calculating employee attendance rate, with a simple formula and two worked examples.
How to Calculate Employee Turnover Rate
A plain-English guide to calculating employee turnover rate using average headcount, with two worked examples.
How to Calculate Hours Between Two Times (Even Overnight)
Learn how to find the hours and minutes between two clock times, including overnight shifts that cross midnight.
How to Calculate a Last Working Day From a Notice Period
A step-by-step guide to working out an employee's last working day from a resignation date and notice period, with worked examples.
How to Calculate Sales Tax (and Reverse It)
A plain-English guide to adding sales tax to a price and working backward from a tax-included total to find the pre-tax price.
How to Calculate the Exact Time Between Two Dates
A plain-English guide to finding the exact days, hours, and minutes between two dates and times, with a worked example.
How to Calculate Years of Service
A plain-English guide to counting an employee's completed years of service from a start date and finding their next work anniversary.
How to Calculate Your Actual Hours Worked
A plain-English guide to turning clock-in and clock-out times into your real hours worked, minus unpaid breaks.
How to Calculate Your Take-Home Pay
A step-by-step walk-through of how gross pay becomes a net paycheck, from pre-tax deductions to federal tax, Social Security, and Medicare.
How to Count Business Days Between Two Dates
A plain-English guide to counting weekdays between two dates, with worked examples and the caveat about holidays.
How to Estimate a Team's Project Timeline
A practical guide to estimating project timelines using a team's realistic weekly capacity instead of a full 40-hour week per person.
How to Estimate Your Federal Income Tax
A step-by-step walk-through of how gross income becomes a federal tax bill, from the standard deduction to the tax brackets.
How to Figure Out How Much to Save Each Month
A plain-English guide to solving for your savings timeline or your required monthly contribution using compound growth.
How to Project Your 401(k) Balance
A plain-English guide to how 401(k) balances grow, covering the employer match formula and the future value math behind it.
How to Total a Weekly Time Card
A plain-English guide to adding up daily hours into weekly totals, regular hours, overtime, and estimated pay.
How Your IRA Balance Grows Over Time
A plain-English look at the future-value math behind IRA growth, 2024 contribution limits, and traditional vs Roth tax treatment.
How Your Monthly Mortgage Payment Is Calculated
A plain-English walkthrough of the mortgage amortization formula, with worked examples showing how home price, down payment, rate, and term set your payment.
Inclusive vs Exclusive Date Counting, Explained
Why the same two dates can produce two different "correct" day counts, and how to know which one you actually need.
Marginal vs Effective Tax Rate, Explained
How marginal tax brackets actually work, why your whole income isn't taxed at your top rate, and how to find your true effective tax rate.
Roth IRA vs Traditional IRA: Growth, Taxes, and the Income Limit
How Roth IRA growth math compares to a traditional IRA, and how the 2026 income phase-out determines how much you can actually contribute.
Salary vs Hourly Pay
A plain-English guide to the real differences between salaried and hourly pay, plus how to convert one into the other.
The 50/30/20 Budget Rule, Explained
A plain-English breakdown of the 50/30/20 budgeting rule, with the formula and two worked examples.
The Real Cost of Your Meetings
A plain-English breakdown of how to turn attendee count, pay rate, and meeting length into an actual dollar cost, with worked examples.
Understanding Pay Periods and Pay Frequencies
A plain-English guide to weekly, biweekly, semi-monthly, and monthly pay frequencies and how each one changes your pay dates.
Vacation Accrual Caps and Carryover, Explained
How vacation accrual caps and year-end carryover rules limit your balance, with worked examples.
What Is Shift Differential Pay?
A plain-English guide to shift differential pay, how it's calculated, and how it interacts with overtime.
What's Your Real Hourly Rate on a Salary?
Salaried pay assumes a standard workweek, and working more than that quietly lowers your true effective hourly rate.
When Do You Get Double Time Pay?
A plain-English guide to when double time kicks in, how it's calculated, and how it differs from standard overtime.
When Does Refinancing Your Mortgage Actually Pay Off?
A plain-English look at the breakeven math behind refinancing and why a lower rate alone doesn't guarantee it's a good move.
Why Minimum Credit Card Payments Cost So Much
The math behind why a percent-of-balance minimum payment takes years longer, and costs far more in interest, than a fixed payment of the same size.
Why Monthly Pay Isn't Just Weekly Pay Times Four
A year has 52 weeks but only 12 months, so multiplying weekly pay by 4 undercounts what you actually earn per month.
Why Task Time Estimates Are Almost Always Too Optimistic
Naive task time estimates leave out context-switching, which is why a list of quick tasks always seems to run long.
How Overtime Pay Is Calculated
A plain-English walkthrough of how overtime pay works under the FLSA, with worked examples for time-and-a-half and double time.